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Is Contained Soil Really a Solved Problem? Geogenic Heavy Metals and the Invisible Work of Long-Term Management
Containing excavated soil with geogenic heavy metals does not eliminate the risk. Long-term monitoring, maintenance, funding, and the transfer of land-use information remain essential. -
Whose Pollution Is the Arsenic Underground? Geogenic Heavy Metals Unearthed by Tunnel Construction
Arsenic can exist naturally in geological formations without causing visible harm. But excavation, oxidation, rainwater, and transportation can make it mobile. This article explores how tunnel construction transforms dormant geology into a human responsibility. -
Where Did the PFAS Come From? Why the Source of Groundwater Contamination Is So Difficult to Identify
PFAS has been detected in groundwater, but identifying its source is rarely straightforward. Complex underground flows, multiple release points, and missing historical records make the chain of responsibility difficult to reconstruct.
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