watershed management– tag –

Extreme weather is intensifying, but rainfall alone does not determine the scale of a disaster. Land use, urban development, river engineering, sediment loss, exposure, and social vulnerability all shape what happens after the rain reaches the ground.

As climate change raises river temperatures, cold-water refuges are becoming essential infrastructure. Riparian forests, springs, tributaries, deep pools, fish passages, and dam operations can form a connected network that helps freshwater species survive extreme heat.