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Why Cities Built to Drain Rain Quickly Become Vulnerable to Flooding: How Pavement and Drainage Create Pluvial Flood Risk
Cities have been designed to remove rainwater as quickly as possible. But pavement and rapid drainage concentrate runoff within a shorter period, increasing pluvial flood risk. Future cities must combine drainage with storage, infiltration, and delay. -
Do Disasters Come Only from the Sky? How “Extreme Weather” Obscures Changes in the Land
Extreme weather is intensifying, but rainfall alone does not determine the scale of a disaster. Land use, urban development, river engineering, sediment loss, exposure, and social vulnerability all shape what happens after the rain reaches the ground. -
Can Cold Water Become Infrastructure? Protecting Rivers Through Riparian Forests, Springs, and Dam Operations
As climate change raises river temperatures, cold-water refuges are becoming essential infrastructure. Riparian forests, springs, tributaries, deep pools, fish passages, and dam operations can form a connected network that helps freshwater species survive extreme heat.
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