environmental risk– tag –

Arsenic can exist naturally in geological formations without causing visible harm. But excavation, oxidation, rainwater, and transportation can make it mobile. This article explores how tunnel construction transforms dormant geology into a human responsibility.

Construction-generated soil disappears from urban construction sites, but it does not disappear from the planet. This article examines how cities transfer excavated soil—and the environmental risks and long-term responsibilities attached to it—to mountains, valleys, and rural communities.